Nouns: Instruction

Parts of Speech:

Each word is a part of speech and the collection of words make up a sentence. The term “part of speech” denotes to the role word plays in a sentence.

There are 8 Parts of Speech

What is Nouns?

A noun is a word which names person, place, idea, or object. Fundamentally, anything which names a “thing” is a noun, whether you’re speaking about Cricket, Delhi, Movie, or Lion etc. 

In a sentence, nouns can act the role of subject, indirect object, direct object, object complement, subject complement, appositive or else adjective.

Nouns fall into two types: proper nouns as well as common nouns. Proper nouns are particular names for individual persons or things.

What are 10 examples of a noun?

Sushant is going to shopping mall.

Ravi is playing chess.

The underlined words are common names in the above sentences as they represent to a particular person.   

A common noun is a name provided in general to every individual or thing of the same kind or class.

For example:

Mr. Ajay Sharma is the employee of Tata Group.

Shreya is singer as profession.

The underlined words are common names in the above sentences as they represent to a particular group.   

Common nouns include collective nouns, abstract nouns along with material nouns.

Collective Noun Example:

It is the name of a group of individuals or things. Example: team, army, jury, crowd, herd, flock, fleet, mob, parliament etc.

Note: A collective noun normally takes a singular verb plus is exchanged by a singular pronoun.

Incorrect: The cricket team have won the match.

Correct: The cricket team has won the match.

A cricket team consists of various players. However, we have to take the entire team as a whole, which is actually one body.

What are 2 concrete nouns?

A concrete noun represents something which can be seen, tasted, touched, heard or smelt.

Examples of Concrete Nouns

• The fragrance of new perfume permeated in the air.
• The recipes prepared in the party were really delicious

Examples of Abstract Noun

An abstract name is normally the name of a quality, state or action considered apart from the object (which is normally a common noun and often qualified through an adjective).

Example: love, fear, weakness, cruelty, youth etc.

Examples of material noun

It is the name of a material (matter from which material is prepared).

Note: A material noun does not take an article (a, an. the) earlier than it.

Incorrect: The sugar is crystal white.

Correct: Sugar is crystal white.

On the basis of quantity as well as quality nouns can be further categorized into:

Countable Noun: Nouns that can be counted are known as countable nouns. Thus nouns can be either singular or plural. Certain common nouns and collective nouns fit in to this group.

Examples:

• one girl, several girls, a herd of dogs

Uncountable Noun: Nouns that cannot be counted are known as uncountable nouns. Thus they are neither singular nor plural. Certain common nouns and abstract nouns fit in to this group.

Examples:
• Some salt, much affection.

What is a Gender noun Example?

A noun which denotes a male animal is called to be of the masculine gender.

For example: boy, man…

A noun which denotes a female animal is called to be of the feminine gender.

For example: girl, woman…

A noun which denotes either a male or a female animal is called to be of the common gender.

For example: employee, advocate….

A noun which denotes a thing without life, neither male nor female, is called to be of the neuter gender.

For example: table, chair, laptop…

Regulation: Collective nouns, even while they represent living things, are considered of neuter gender.

Incorrect: Shantaram has a herd of cows. His servant looks after her.

Correct: Shantaram has a herd of cows. His servant looks after it.

Note: Although, ‘cow’ is feminine. Yet, being a collective noun, it is neither male nor female. It is of neuter gender.

Regulation: Lower animals and young children are also denoted as the neuter gender.

Incorrect: The cat pounced on her prey.

 Correct:  The cat pounced on its prey.

Incorrect: The baby plays with his toy train.

Correct:  The baby plays with its toy train.

Regulation: While objects without life are personified, they are measured of:

A. The masculine gender if the object is known for strength as well as violence. Example: Summer, winter, Sun, Storm, Flood etc.

B. The feminine gender if the object is known for beauty, gracefulness and gentleness. Example: Moon, Earth, Spring, Compassion etc.

Incorrect: The unprecedented flood devastated the Kedarnath valley, with her torrential current. 

Correct: The unprecedented flood devastated the Kedarnath valley, with his torrential current. 

Note: Here, ‘flood’ is known for its strength.

Incorrect: The earth nurtures its children.

Incorrect: The earth nurtures her children.

Note: In this context, ‘earth’ is known for its affection and gentleness.

What is Gender Explain with Example?

Correct the following sentences with answers:

1. The cricket team has arrived at the airport and he is well prepared for the match.
2. The crowd is visible in the auditorium. He stood up as soon as the Chief Minister hoisted the flag.
3. The bat was flying inside the room. We switched off the fan so that she could go out without getting hurt.
4. The baby is excited to see her new football.
5. The sun is scorching. Her heat becomes unbearable during summers.
6. The moon looked pleasant when we saw him from the terrace.
7. The army has conquered the hill and he waved his flag in the air.   
8. Payal screamed by watching the little mouse in the kitchen. She suddenly disappeared inside the basin pipe.
9. The cyclone has brought irreversible destruction to the building. Even, many vehicles have been flown away in his speedy winds.
10. I basically love nature and do want to spend my life in his lap.

Answer of the noun

1. The cricket team has arrived at the airport and it is well prepared for the match.
2. The crowd is visible in the auditorium. It stood up as soon as the Chief Minister hoisted the flag.
3. The bat was flying inside the room. We switched off the fan so that it could go out without getting hurt.
4. The baby is excited to see its new football.
5. The sun is scorching. His heat becomes unbearable during summers.
6. The moon looked pleasant when we saw her from the terrace.
7. The army has conquered the hill and it waved his flag in the air.   
8. Payal screamed by watching the little mouse in the kitchen. It suddenly disappeared inside the basin pipe.
9. The cyclone has brought irreversible destruction to the building. Even, many vehicles have been flown away in his speedy winds.
10. I basically love nature and do want to spend my life in her lap.

A noun which denotes one person or thing is known to be in the singular number.

Example: book, woman, cycle, cow, river, lake, flower etc.

A noun which denotes more than one person or thing is known to be in the plural number.

Examples: books, women, cycles, cows. Rivers, lakes, flowers etc.

Simple Ways to form Plural Words:

1. By inserting –s to the singular. Example:  chair (chairs), cow (cows), jacket (jackets), and crow (crows).
2.  By inserting –es to the nouns ending in –s,-sh,-ch or –x. Example: bus (buses), bunch, and fox.
3. By changing –y into –ies in nouns ending in –y preceded by a consonant. Example: baby (babies), dictionary.
4. By inserting –es to the nouns ending in –o. Example: tomato (tomatoes), photo, memento.
5. By changing –f or –fe into –ves in nouns ending with –f or –fe. Example: Wife (wives), life, knife. Exceptions: belief, dwarf, safe, gulf, brief.
6. By changing the inside vowel. Example:

Man                               Men

Woman                         Women   

     Foot                               Feet

     Mouse                           Mice

7. By inserting –s to the principal word of a compound noun.

Example:

Sister-in-law                 Sisters-in-law

Looker-on                    Lookers-on

8. Nouns such as sheep, deer, trout, salmon etc. do not change their form in both the numbers.

Regulation: Units of counting – dozen, score, hundred, thousand, pair, etc. – while used after numbers maintain their singular form.

     Incorrect: Pradeep has two pairs of matching socks.

     Correct: Pradeep has two pair of matching socks.

Regulation: The below mentioned nouns are applied only in the plural:

• Names of instruments that have two parts forming a type of pair.

Example: scissors, bellows, spectacles, tongs, pliers.

1. Names of particular articles of dresses. Examples: trousers, drawers, breeches.
2. Names of particular games. Example: draughts, billiards.
3. Names of particular diseases. Example: mumps, measles.
4. Particular collective nouns (even though they can be used singular in form).
   Example: cattle, poultry, people, vermin, gentry.

Regulation: Some plural forms are generally used in the singular. Example: Mathematics, Physics, innings, politics, news.

Incorrect: I have heard these news, today.

Incorrect: I have heard this news, today.

Regulation: Material nouns and abstract nouns are not used in plural form.

Incorrect: Beauty are temporary in life.

Correct: Beauty is temporary in life.

Incorrect: Add some sugars to tea.

Correct: Add some sugar to tea.

Change the following sentences into plural form:

1. The boat is swimming across the lake.
2. The servant has swept the room.
3. A television set has been shopped from the showroom.
4. A mango has fallen down from the tree.
5. A glass of almond milk has been served in the marriage hall.

Answer:

1. The boats are swimming across the lake.
2. The servants have swept the room.
3. Televisions set have been shopped from the showroom.
4. Mangoes have fallen down from the tree.
5. Glasses of almond milk have been served in the marriage hall.

Change the below mentioned sentences from plural to singular:

1. The students were reading books in the library.
2. The correspondents are showing reports on hill area tourism.
3. The cars are running speedily on empty roads.
4. The lions are confined inside the cages.
5. The patients are showing their teeth to the dentists.

Answer:

1. The student was reading book in the library.
2. The correspondent is showing report on hill area tourism.
3. The car is running speedily on the empty road.
4. The lion is confined inside the cage.
5. The patient is showing his teeth to the dentist.

Change the number of the following highlighted words:

1. This dictionary is the source of inordinate knowledge.
2. She is waving lustrous knife in the air.
3. The wolves are howling at night.
4. His foot got fractured while his auto bumped to the tree directly.
5. The dwarf boy showed captivating magic in the show.
6. The newly married sister-in-law prepared soup for us.
7. The sound of tinkling bells echoed in the temple.
8. The little mouse scuttled past my foot.
9. The servant has feed cattle.
10. Amar is solving the complex Mathematics paper.

Answer:

1. These dictionaries are the source of inordinate knowledge.
2. She is waving lustrous knives in the air.
3. The wolf is howling at night.
4. Their feet got fractured while their auto bumped to the tree directly.
5. The dwarf boys showed captivating magic in the show.
6. The newly married sisters-in-law prepared soup for us.
7. The sound of tinkling bell echoed in the temple.
8. The little mice scuttled past my foot.
9. The servant has feed cattle.
10. Amar is solving the complex Mathematics paper.

Write the plurals of the below mentioned words:

1. Woman
2. Toy
3. Sheep
4. Laptop
5. Pair
6. Score
7. Potato
8. Sheep
9. Daughter-in-law
10. Rose

Answer:

1. Women
2. Toys
3. Sheep
4. Laptops
5. Pair
6. Score
7. Potatoes
8. Sheep
9. Daughters-in-law
10. Roses

Write the singulars of the below mentioned words:

1. Spectacles
2. Scissors
3. Trousers
4. News
5. Billiards
6. Measles
7. Cattle
8. Sheep
9. Watermelon
10. Tooth

Answer:

1. Spectacles
2. Scissors
3. Trousers
4. News
5. Billiards
6. Measles
7. Cattle
8. Sheep
9. Watermelons
10. Teeth